![]() The second shell has six electrons ( 2 s 22 p 4) and needs two electrons to achieve octet. Something a bit more functional for today’s periodic table, which looks at the common ions formed by the different elements. The electron configuration of O atom is 1 s 22 s 22 p 4. Compound Interest Explorations of everyday chemical compounds. How many electrons must O lose/gain to achieve octet? Write the formula of the resulting ion and its electron configuration. Visualize trends, 3D orbitals, isotopes, and mix compounds. That is, group 1 elements form 1+ ions group 2 elements form 2+ ions, and so on. Interactive periodic table showing names, electrons, and oxidation states. Moving from the far left to the right on the periodic table, main-group elements tend to form cations with a charge equal to the group number. Atoms of the same element with different numbers. The sum of the oxidation states within a compound or ion must equal the overall charge. Uncombined elements have an oxidation state of 0. Write the electron configuration of oxygen atom (Z=8). Note the usefulness of the periodic table in predicting likely ion formation and charge (Figure 2.29). Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. In macroscopic samples of sodium chloride, there are billions and billions of sodium and chloride ions, although there is always the same number of cations and anions. Consider the example of fluorine (see figure below). If atoms gain electrons, they become negative ions, or anions. If atoms lose electrons, they become positive ions, or cations. The number of electrons lost by the sodium atom (one) equals the number of electrons gained by the chlorine atom (one), so the compound is electrically neutral. Ions are atoms that have a positive or negative charge because they have unequal numbers of protons and electrons. Notice that there are no leftover electrons. The resulting combination is the compound sodium chloride. With two oppositely charged ions, there is an electrostatic attraction between them because opposite charges attract. On the right, the chloride ion has 18 electrons and has a 1− charge. How many protons does the oxygen ion have How many electrons does the oxygen ion have How many electrons would a neutral. On the left, the chlorine atom has 17 electrons.
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